The focus of criminology on crimes and harms committed by and against humans has broadened over time. Only since the 1990s, however, has the discipline recognized the significance of crimes and harms concerning the environment and nonhuman animals. A variety of approaches and bodies of work now contribute to what can be described as green criminology. This article summarizes research on types of Environmental crime and harm, as well as different eco‐, philosophical orientations and related justice‐, based approaches. It concludes with an example illustrating the ways in which these approaches may overlap.

An overview of green criminology (GC) is provided. That substantial literature is not easily summarized, and here, some core issues are reviewed: defining green crimes, the scope of GC, measuring green crimes, and empirical studies of green crimes. Special attention is paid to political economic approaches to GC, which was the foundation for GC. Connections are made to Environmental sociology, theories of metabolic rift and unequal ecological exchange, and scientific evidence on planetary boundaries and ecological footprints. Examples of widespread human and nonhuman being green victimization are reviewed. In an era of anthropogenicdriven global ecological collapse, academic disciplines must pay increased attention to ecological disorganization, ecosystem destruction, and excessive production/consumption, which is the proper subject matter of GC.

Background and Aim: Considering Environmental crime due to its many bio-damages, the main focus of green cultural criminology studies is to identify Environmental crime and bio-harm prevention guidelines in this criminology measure. This study is essential to the realization of the goals of bioethics, as one of the important principles of bioethics is the important principle of harm prevention. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study will examine the views of contemporary critical green criminologists on Environmental crime and the prevention of its damages. Findings: The main demand of cultural criminology for green criminology is to pay attention to the component of culture and the important demand of green criminology for cultural criminology; it is important to note that the Environmental damage and catastrophe committed by governments and corporations should not be forgotten. The combination of these two criminology offers a great deal of help in preventing bio-damage, as green cultural criminology relies on the components of culture and education with minimal amount of criminal intervention, which can be effective in non-criminal bioethics. Ethical Considerations: Issues related to research ethics and fiduciary have been considered in the citations of the article. Conclusion: The combination of cultural criminology and green criminology makes it possible to pay attention to two important components of culture and governmental Environmental damage. Preventing Environmental damage is also possible in this integrationist approach, by properly institutionalizing and cultivating Environmental protection.

Important implications for South/North relations and for global security and justice. Having a theoretical framework capable of appreciating the significance of this global dynamic will contribute to criminology being able to better understand the challenges of the present and the future. We employ southern theory in a reflexive (and not a reductive) way to elucidate the power relations embedded in the hierarchal production of criminological knowledge that privileges theories, assumptions and methods based largely on empirical specificities of the global North. Our purpose is not to dismiss the conceptual and empirical advances in criminology, but to more usefully decolonize and democratize the toolbox of available criminological concepts, theories and methods. As a way of illustrating how southern criminology might usefully contribute to better informed responses to global justice and security, this article examines three distinct projects that could be developed under such a rubric. These include, firstly, certain forms and patterns of crime specific to the global periphery,secondly, the distinctive patterns of gender and crime in the global south shaped by diverse cultural, social, religious and political factors and lastly the distinctive historical and contemporary penalities of the global south and their historical links with colonialism and empire building.

Crime or crime has the criteria and characteristics that the Criminal Code specifies, since any current action or crack can not be called a crime. What is provided in the Criminal Code and the specific criminal law as a crime is within the framework of criminology. In our criminology we should also be studying them. Of course, the criminal phenomenon is not merely a criminal and legal color. That is, it includes both crime and deviation. So the issue of criminology, according to the latest perceptions, is the recognition of the causes of the criminal phenomenon. Crime and deviation, while communicating, are conceptually different. The crime is firstly created and enforced by the law. Secondly, it has a guarantee of execution of the subject, thirdly, this guarantee is enforced by humans. But deviation is a social ethical concept that is more of a public denial. That is, it does not have a guarantee of practical implementation. At the same time, both are mass and deviations of abnormalities. For this reason, some people believe that they should go to pathology that covers both types of abnormalities.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to Environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of Environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of Environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the Environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of Environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of Environmental quality. As the Environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human Environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to Environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of Environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of Environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to Environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in Environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an Environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of Environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of Environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in Environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in Environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the Environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes Environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Critical criminology, from the very beginning of its establishment, has paid attention to how mass media participate in defining, displaying, social control and analyzing crime. Based on this, critical criminology's attention to issues such as media, culture, customs, etc., has led to the formation of a sub-field called cultural criminology in this field of study. Cultural criminology, which focuses its main issues on: crime as culture, culture as crime, media representation of crime and crime carnival, considers the truth of crime and the process of criminalization to be the product of media procedures. Based on this, certain behaviors are first criminalized by the media, and then, the official discourse of criminal justice institutions also recognizes this process and devises the necessary measures for official criminalization. Therefore, the important finding of this research is that in the light of cultural criminology approaches, the media can be considered the initiator of the informal criminalization process and the facilitator of the formal criminalization process.

Globalization has been raised as a process in various domains of living standards of Mankind and considering the extension of crime on international level, it is to be contemplated as a necessity in the criminology domain as well.Versus the practical outcome of the development of information and communication technology, such extension has also invoked some negative consequences, providing grounds for commitment of many criminal actions on the international level.The criminal law has come to pay attention to such process for quite a time, however, criminology’s contemplation of such issues as globalization came a few decades late. Therefore, for the time being, with regard to the existing development in the variables of criminological studies, the inefficiency of such studies at national levels, and the necessity for scientific independence toward state’s social and political considerations in the subject-matter and the contribution to the development of scientific activities of criminology at an international levels require that this science join the globalization, so that while carrying out research and studies on an international level, it would provide international solutions for a global community toward the issue of crime.Even though the need for transnational studies of the issue of crime is felt in Iran, very small steps have been taken towards globalization of criminology and benefiting from the achievement of such goal.In this article, we review the issue of globalization of criminology, the need for such globalization and the steps taken therefore, while taking into considering the actions of Iranian Government in the subject matter.